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Letter of the Latin alphabet

I
I i
(Come across below)

Usage
Writing arrangement	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Latin linguistic communication
Phonetic usage	[i] [iː] [ɨ] [j] [ɪ] [ɯ] (English variations)
Unicode codepoint	`U+0049, U+0069`
Alphabetical position	9
History
Development	Ιι 𐌉 I i
Fourth dimension menstruation	~-700 to present
Descendants	• Î • J • Ɉ • İ ı • Tittle • ꟾ • ꟷ • ᛁ • ᴉ
Sisters	І י ي ܝ ی ࠉ 𐎊 ዪ Ⴢ ⴢ ჲ ☞ ☚
Variations	(Encounter beneath)
Other
Other messages commonly used with	i(x), ij, i(x)(y)
This commodity contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, encounter Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

I, or i, is the ninth alphabetic character and the 3rd vowel letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO bones Latin alphabet.^[1] Its name in English is i (pronounced ), plural ies.^[2] ^{[ better source needed ]}

History

Egyptian hieroglyph ꜥ	Phoenician Yodh	Etruscan I	Greek Iota	Latin I

In the Phoenician alphabet, the letter may have originated in a hieroglyph for an arm that represented a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/) in Egyptian, but was reassigned to /j/ (as in English "yes") by Semites, because their word for "arm" began with that audio. This letter could also be used to represent /i/, the close front unrounded vowel, mainly in foreign words.

The Greeks adopted a form of this Phoenician yodh as their alphabetic character iota (⟨Ι, ι⟩) to represent /i/, the aforementioned as in the Onetime Italic alphabet. In Latin (as in Modern Greek), it was likewise used to represent /j/ and this use persists in the languages that descended from Latin. The modern letter 'j' originated as a variation of 'i', and both were used interchangeably for both the vowel and the consonant, coming to be differentiated simply in the 16th century.^[3] The dot over the lowercase 'i' is sometimes called a tittle. In the Turkish alphabet, dotted and dotless I are considered split up letters, representing a front and back vowel, respectively, and both have uppercase ('I', 'İ') and lowercase ('ı', 'i') forms.

Apply in writing systems

English

In Modern English spelling, ⟨i⟩ represents several dissimilar sounds, either the diphthong ("long" ⟨i⟩) as in kite, the curt as in bill, or the ⟨ee⟩ sound in the terminal syllable of machine. The diphthong /aɪ/ developed from Eye English /iː/ through a series of vowel shifts. In the Groovy Vowel Shift, Middle English language /iː/ changed to Early Modern English /ei/, which later changed to /əi/ and finally to the Modern English language diphthong /aɪ/ in General American and Received Pronunciation. Because the diphthong /aɪ/ developed from a Middle English long vowel, it is called "long" ⟨i⟩ in traditional English language grammar.^{[ commendation needed ]}

The letter ⟨i⟩ is the fifth most mutual letter in the English language.^[4]

The English first-person atypical nominative pronoun is "I", pronounced and always written with a capital letter. This pattern arose for basically the aforementioned reason that lowercase ⟨i⟩ acquired a dot: so it wouldn't become lost in manuscripts earlier the age of press:

The capitalized "I" first showed up about 1250 in the northern and midland dialects of England, according to the Chambers Dictionary of Etymology.

Chambers notes, however, that the capitalized class didn't go established in the south of England "until the 1700s (although it appears sporadically before that time).

Capitalizing the pronoun, Chambers explains, made it more than distinct, thus "avoiding misreading handwritten manuscripts."^[5]

Other languages

Pronunciation of the name of the letter of the alphabet ⟨i⟩ in European languages

In many languages' orthographies, ⟨i⟩ is used to represent the sound /i/ or, more rarely, /ɪ/.

Language	Pronunciation in IPA	Notes
French	/i/	See French orthography.
German	/ɪ/, /iː/, /i/	Run across German orthography.
Italian	/i/	Pronounced as long [iː] in stressed and open syllables, [i] when in a closed stressed syllable or unstressed. See Italian orthography.
Kurmanji	/ɪ/	/i/ represented with ⟨î⟩
Portuguese	/i/	See Portuguese orthography.
Portuguese	/ai̯/	Only in some contempo loanwords.

Other uses

The Roman numeral I represents the number 1.^[6] ^[vii] In mathematics, a lowercase " $i$ " is used to stand for the unit imaginary number,^[8] while an capital " $I$ " serves to denote an identity matrix.^[9]

Forms and variants

In some sans serif typefaces, the uppercase alphabetic character I, 'I' may be difficult to distinguish from the lowercase alphabetic character Fifty, 'l', the vertical bar grapheme '|', or the digit one '1'. In serifed typefaces, the capital course of the letter has both a baseline and a cap-height serif, while the lowercase Fifty generally has a hooked ascender and a baseline serif.

The upper-case letter I does not have a dot (tittle) while the lowercase i has 1 in virtually Latin-derived alphabets. However, some schemes, such as the Turkish alphabet, have two kinds of I: dotted (2) and dotless (Iı).

The uppercase I has ii kinds of shapes, with serifs () and without serifs (). Usually these are considered equivalent, but they are distinguished in some extended Latin alphabet systems, such as the 1978 version of the African reference alphabet. In that organization, the former is the uppercase analogue of ɪ and the latter is the analogue of 'i'.

Computing codes

Character information
Preview	I		i
Unicode proper name	LATIN CAPITAL Letter of the alphabet I		LATIN Minor LETTER I
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	73	U+0049	105	U+0069
UTF-viii	73	49	105	69
Numeric character reference	I	I	i	i
EBCDIC family unit	201	C9	137	89
ASCII^one	73	49	105	69

^aneAlso for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings

Other representations

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

I with diacritics: Ị ị Ĭ ĭ Î î Ǐ ǐ Ɨ ɨ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ Í í Ì ì Ȉ ȉ Į į Į́ Į̃ Ī ī Ī̀ ī̀ ᶖ^[10] Ỉ ỉ Ȋ ȋ Ĩ ĩ Ḭ ḭ ᶤ^[10]
İ i and I ı : Latin dotted and dotless alphabetic character i i̇̀ i̇́ i̇̃ į̇́ į̇̃
IPA-specific symbols related to I: ɪ ɨ
The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of the letter I:^[xi]
- U+1D35 ᴵ MODIFIER Alphabetic character Uppercase I
- U+1D62 ᵢ LATIN SUBSCRIPT Pocket-size Alphabetic character I
- U+1D09 ᴉ LATIN Modest Alphabetic character TURNED I
- U+1D4E ᵎ MODIFIER Alphabetic character Pocket-size TURNED I
Other variations used in phonetic transcription:^[x] ᵻ ᶤ ᶦ ᶧ
ⁱ : Superscript small i is used for Computer terminal graphics^[12]
Ꞽ ꞽ : Glottal I, used for Egyptological yod^[13]
Ɪ ɪ : Modest upper-case letter I
ꟾ : Long I
ꟷ : Sideways I

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

𐤉 : Semitic letter Yodh, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ι ι: Greek letter Iota, from which the following letters derive
  - Ⲓ ⲓ : Coptic alphabetic character Yota
  - І і : Cyrillic alphabetic character soft-dotted I
  - 𐌉 : Old Italic I, which is the antecedent of modern Latin I
    - ᛁ : Runic letter isaz, which probably derives from sometime Italic I
  - 𐌹 : Gothic letter of the alphabet iiz

Meet besides

Tittle

References

^ Not counting marginal employ of 'h' to write vowel sounds.
^ Chocolate-brown & Kiddle (1870) The institutes of English grammar, p. 19.
Ies is the plural of the English name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered I's, Is, i's, or is.
^ "The Latin Alphabet". du.edu.
^ "Frequency Table". cornell.edu . Retrieved 25 January 2015.
^ O'Conner, Patricia T.; Kellerman, Stewart (2011-08-10). "Is capitalizing "I" an ego affair?". Grammarphobia . Retrieved 23 Dec 2014.
^ Gordon, Arthur Eastward. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy . University of California Press. pp. 44. ISBN9780520038981 . Retrieved 3 October 2015. roman numerals.
^ Rex, David A. (2001). The Ciphers of the Monks. p. 282. ISBN9783515076401. In the grade of time, I, V and X became identical with three letters of the alphabet; originally, however, they diameter no relation to these messages.
^ Svetunkov, Sergey (2012-12-14). Complex-Valued Modeling in Economics and Finance. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN9781461458760.
^ Boyd, Stephen; Vandenberghe, Lieven (2018). Introduction to Applied Linear Algebra: Vectors, Matrices, and Least Squares. Cambridge University Press. p. 113. ISBN978-1-108-56961-three.
^ ^a ^b ^c Constable, Peter (2004-04-nineteen). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Unicode.
^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-twenty). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Unicode.
^ Cruz, Frank da (2000-03-31). "L2/00-159: Supplemental Concluding Graphics for Unicode". Unicode.
^ Suignard, Michel (2017-05-09). "L2/17-076R2: Revised proposal for the encoding of an Egyptological YOD and Ugaritic characters" (PDF). Unicode.